class HTTP::Agent

An HTTP (and local disk access) user agent. This class is an implementation detail and is subject to change at any time.

Attributes

max_file_buffer[RW]

Responses larger than this will be written to a Tempfile instead of stored in memory. Setting this to nil disables creation of Tempfiles.

Public Class Methods

new(connection_name = 'mechanize') click to toggle source

The connection_name can be used to segregate SSL connections. Agents with different names will not share the same persistent connection.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 130
def initialize(connection_name = 'mechanize')
  @allowed_error_codes      = []
  @conditional_requests     = true
  @context                  = nil
  @content_encoding_hooks   = []
  @cookie_jar               = Mechanize::CookieJar.new
  @follow_meta_refresh      = false
  @follow_meta_refresh_self = false
  @gzip_enabled             = true
  @history                  = Mechanize::History.new
  @ignore_bad_chunking      = false
  @keep_alive               = true
  @max_file_buffer          = 100_000 # 5MB for response bodies
  @open_timeout             = nil
  @post_connect_hooks       = []
  @pre_connect_hooks        = []
  @read_timeout             = nil
  @redirect_ok              = true
  @redirection_limit        = 20
  @request_headers          = {}
  @robots                   = false
  @user_agent               = nil
  @webrobots                = nil

  # HTTP Authentication
  @auth_store           = Mechanize::HTTP::AuthStore.new
  @authenticate_parser  = Mechanize::HTTP::WWWAuthenticateParser.new
  @authenticate_methods = Hash.new do |methods, uri|
    methods[uri] = Hash.new do |realms, auth_scheme|
      realms[auth_scheme] = []
    end
  end
  @digest_auth          = Net::HTTP::DigestAuth.new
  @digest_challenges    = {}

  # SSL
  @pass = nil

  @scheme_handlers = Hash.new { |h, scheme|
    h[scheme] = lambda { |link, page|
      raise Mechanize::UnsupportedSchemeError.new(scheme, link)
    }
  }

  @scheme_handlers['http']      = lambda { |link, page| link }
  @scheme_handlers['https']     = @scheme_handlers['http']
  @scheme_handlers['relative']  = @scheme_handlers['http']
  @scheme_handlers['file']      = @scheme_handlers['http']

  @http = Net::HTTP::Persistent.new connection_name
  @http.idle_timeout = 5
  @http.keep_alive   = 300
end

Public Instance Methods

add_auth(uri, user, password, realm = nil, domain = nil) click to toggle source

Adds credentials user, pass for uri. If realm is set the credentials are used only for that realm. If realm is not set the credentials become the default for any realm on that URI.

domain and realm are exclusive as NTLM does not follow RFC 2617. If domain is given it is only used for NTLM authentication.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 192
def add_auth uri, user, password, realm = nil, domain = nil
  @auth_store.add_auth uri, user, password, realm, domain
end
fetch(uri, method = :get, headers = {}) click to toggle source

Retrieves uri and parses it into a page or other object according to PluggableParser. If the URI is an HTTP or HTTPS scheme URI the given HTTP method is used to retrieve it, along with the HTTP headers, request params and HTTP referer.

The final URI to access is built with uri and params, the latter of which is formatted into a string using Mechanize::Util.build_query_string, which see.

redirects tracks the number of redirects experienced when retrieving the page. If it is over the #redirection_limit an error will be raised.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 223
def fetch uri, method = :get, headers = {}, params = [],
          referer = current_page, redirects = 0

  referer_uri = referer ? referer.uri : nil
  uri         = resolve uri, referer
  uri, params = resolve_parameters uri, method, params
  request     = http_request uri, method, params
  connection  = connection_for uri

  request_auth             request, uri
  disable_keep_alive       request
  enable_gzip              request
  request_language_charset request
  request_cookies          request, uri
  request_host             request, uri
  request_referer          request, uri, referer_uri
  request_user_agent       request
  request_add_headers      request, headers
  pre_connect              request

  # Consult robots.txt
  if robots && uri.is_a?(URI::HTTP)
    robots_allowed?(uri) or raise Mechanize::RobotsDisallowedError.new(uri)
  end

  # Add If-Modified-Since if page is in history
  if page = visited_page(uri) and last_modified = page.response['Last-Modified']
    request['If-Modified-Since'] = last_modified
  end if @conditional_requests

  # Specify timeouts if given
  connection.open_timeout = @open_timeout if @open_timeout
  connection.read_timeout = @read_timeout if @read_timeout

  request_log request

  response_body_io = nil

  # Send the request
  begin
    response = connection.request(uri, request) { |res|
      response_log res

      response_body_io = response_read res, request, uri

      res
    }
  rescue Mechanize::ChunkedTerminationError => e
    raise unless @ignore_bad_chunking

    response = e.response
    response_body_io = e.body_io
  end

  hook_content_encoding response, uri, response_body_io

  response_body_io = response_content_encoding response, response_body_io if
    request.response_body_permitted?

  post_connect uri, response, response_body_io

  page = response_parse response, response_body_io, uri

  response_cookies response, uri, page

  meta = response_follow_meta_refresh response, uri, page, redirects
  return meta if meta

  if robots && page.is_a?(Mechanize::Page)
    page.parser.noindex? and raise Mechanize::RobotsDisallowedError.new(uri)
  end

  case response
  when Net::HTTPSuccess
    page
  when Mechanize::FileResponse
    page
  when Net::HTTPNotModified
    log.debug("Got cached page") if log
    visited_page(uri) || page
  when Net::HTTPRedirection
    response_redirect response, method, page, redirects, headers, referer
  when Net::HTTPUnauthorized
    response_authenticate(response, page, uri, request, headers, params,
                          referer)
  else
    if @allowed_error_codes.any? {|code| code.to_s == page.code} then
      page
    else
      raise Mechanize::ResponseCodeError.new(page, 'unhandled response')
    end
  end
end
proxy_uri() click to toggle source

URI for a proxy connection

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 319
def proxy_uri
  @http.proxy_uri
end
retry_change_requests() click to toggle source

Retry non-idempotent requests?

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 324
def retry_change_requests
  @http.retry_change_requests
end
retry_change_requests=(retri) click to toggle source

Retry non-idempotent requests

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 330
def retry_change_requests= retri
  @http.retry_change_requests = retri
end

Allowed error codes

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Attributes

allowed_error_codes[RW]

List of error codes to handle without raising an exception.

HTTP Authentication

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Headers

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Attributes

conditional_requests[RW]

Disables If-Modified-Since conditional requests (enabled by default)

gzip_enabled[RW]

Is gzip compression of requests enabled?

request_headers[RW]

A hash of request headers to be used for every request

user_agent[R]

The User-Agent header to send

Public Instance Methods

user_agent=(user_agent) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 336
def user_agent= user_agent
  @webrobots = nil if user_agent != @user_agent
  @user_agent = user_agent
end

History

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Attributes

history[RW]

history of requests made

Public Instance Methods

back() click to toggle source

Equivalent to the browser back button. Returns the most recent page visited.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 345
def back
  @history.pop
end
current_page() click to toggle source

Returns the latest page loaded by the agent

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 352
def current_page
  @history.last
end
max_history() click to toggle source

Returns the maximum size for the history stack.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 357
def max_history
  @history.max_size
end
max_history=(length) click to toggle source

Set the maximum size for the history stack.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 362
def max_history=(length)
  @history.max_size = length
end
visited_page(url) click to toggle source

Returns a visited page for the url passed in, otherwise nil

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 367
def visited_page url
  @history.visited_page resolve url
end

Hooks

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Attributes

content_encoding_hooks[R]

A list of hooks to call to handle the content-encoding of a request.

post_connect_hooks[R]

A list of hooks to call after retrieving a response. Hooks are called with the agent and the response returned.

pre_connect_hooks[R]

A list of hooks to call before making a request. Hooks are called with the agent and the request to be performed.

Public Instance Methods

hook_content_encoding(response, uri, response_body_io) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 373
def hook_content_encoding response, uri, response_body_io
  @content_encoding_hooks.each do |hook|
    hook.call self, uri, response, response_body_io
  end
end
post_connect(uri, response, body_io) { |agent, uri, response, body| ... } click to toggle source

Invokes hooks added to #post_connect_hooks after a response is returned and the response body is handled.

Yields the context, the uri for the request, the response and the response body.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 386
def post_connect uri, response, body_io # :yields: agent, uri, response, body
  @post_connect_hooks.each do |hook|
    begin
      hook.call self, uri, response, body_io.read
    ensure
      body_io.rewind
    end
  end
end
pre_connect(request) { |agent, request| ... } click to toggle source

Invokes hooks added to #pre_connect_hooks before a request is made. Yields the agent and the request that will be performed to each hook.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 400
def pre_connect request # :yields: agent, request
  @pre_connect_hooks.each do |hook|
    hook.call self, request
  end
end

Redirection

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Attributes

follow_meta_refresh[RW]

Follow HTML meta refresh and HTTP Refresh. If set to :anywhere meta refresh tags outside of the head element will be followed.

follow_meta_refresh_self[RW]

Follow an HTML meta refresh that has no “url=” in the content attribute.

Defaults to false to prevent infinite refresh loops.

redirect_ok[RW]

Controls how this agent deals with redirects. The following values are allowed:

:all, true

All 3xx redirects are followed (default)

:permanent

Only 301 Moved Permanantly redirects are followed

false

No redirects are followed

redirection_limit[RW]

Maximum number of redirects to follow

Request

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Public Instance Methods

connection_for(uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 408
def connection_for uri
  case uri.scheme.downcase
  when 'http', 'https' then
    return @http
  when 'file' then
    return Mechanize::FileConnection.new
  end
end
content_encoding_gunzip(body_io) click to toggle source

Decodes a gzip-encoded body_io. If it cannot be decoded, inflate is tried followed by raising an error.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 426
def content_encoding_gunzip body_io
  log.debug('gzip response') if log

  zio = Zlib::GzipReader.new body_io
  out_io = auto_io 'mechanize-gunzip', 16384, zio
  zio.finish

  return out_io
rescue Zlib::Error => gz_error
  log.warn "unable to gunzip response: #{gz_error} (#{gz_error.class})" if
    log

  body_io.rewind
  body_io.read 10

  begin
    log.warn "trying raw inflate on response" if log
    return inflate body_io, -Zlib::MAX_WBITS
  rescue Zlib::Error => e
    log.error "unable to inflate response: #{e} (#{e.class})" if log
    raise
  end
ensure
  # do not close a second time if we failed the first time
  zio.close if zio and !(zio.closed? or gz_error)
  body_io.close unless body_io.closed?
end
content_encoding_inflate(body_io) click to toggle source

Decodes a deflate-encoded body_io. If it cannot be decoded, raw inflate is tried followed by raising an error.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 458
def content_encoding_inflate body_io
  log.debug('deflate body') if log

  return inflate body_io
rescue Zlib::Error
  log.error('unable to inflate response, trying raw deflate') if log

  body_io.rewind

  begin
    return inflate body_io, -Zlib::MAX_WBITS
  rescue Zlib::Error => e
    log.error("unable to inflate response: #{e}") if log
    raise
  end
ensure
  body_io.close
end
disable_keep_alive(request) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 477
def disable_keep_alive request
  request['connection'] = 'close' unless @keep_alive
end
enable_gzip(request) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 481
def enable_gzip request
  request['accept-encoding'] = if @gzip_enabled
                                 'gzip,deflate,identity'
                               else
                                 'identity'
                               end
end
http_request(uri, method, params = nil) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 489
def http_request uri, method, params = nil
  case uri.scheme.downcase
  when 'http', 'https' then
    klass = Net::HTTP.const_get(method.to_s.capitalize)

    request ||= klass.new(uri.request_uri)
    request.body = params.first if params

    request
  when 'file' then
    Mechanize::FileRequest.new uri
  end
end
request_add_headers(request, headers = {}) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 503
def request_add_headers request, headers = {}
  @request_headers.each do |k,v|
    request[k] = v
  end

  headers.each do |field, value|
    case field
    when :etag              then request["ETag"] = value
    when :if_modified_since then request["If-Modified-Since"] = value
    when Symbol then
      raise ArgumentError, "unknown header symbol #{field}"
    else
      request[field] = value
    end
  end
end
request_auth(request, uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 520
def request_auth request, uri
  base_uri = uri + '/'
  base_uri.user     = nil
  base_uri.password = nil
  schemes = @authenticate_methods[base_uri]

  if realm = schemes[:digest].find { |r| r.uri == base_uri } then
    request_auth_digest request, uri, realm, base_uri, false
  elsif realm = schemes[:iis_digest].find { |r| r.uri == base_uri } then
    request_auth_digest request, uri, realm, base_uri, true
  elsif realm = schemes[:basic].find { |r| r.uri == base_uri } then
    user, password, = @auth_store.credentials_for uri, realm.realm
    request.basic_auth user, password
  end
end
request_auth_digest(request, uri, realm, base_uri, iis) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 536
def request_auth_digest request, uri, realm, base_uri, iis
  challenge = @digest_challenges[realm]

  uri.user, uri.password, = @auth_store.credentials_for uri, realm.realm

  auth = @digest_auth.auth_header uri, challenge.to_s, request.method, iis
  request['Authorization'] = auth
end
request_cookies(request, uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 545
def request_cookies request, uri
  return if @cookie_jar.empty? uri

  cookies = @cookie_jar.cookies uri

  return if cookies.empty?

  request.add_field 'Cookie', cookies.join('; ')
end
request_host(request, uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 555
def request_host request, uri
  port = [80, 443].include?(uri.port.to_i) ? nil : uri.port
  host = uri.host

  request['Host'] = [host, port].compact.join ':'
end
request_language_charset(request) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 562
def request_language_charset request
  request['accept-charset']  = 'ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7'
  request['accept-language'] = 'en-us,en;q=0.5'
end
request_log(request) click to toggle source

Log specified headers for the request

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 568
def request_log request
  return unless log

  log.info("#{request.class}: #{request.path}")

  request.each_header do |k, v|
    log.debug("request-header: #{k} => #{v}")
  end
end
request_referer(request, uri, referer) click to toggle source

Sets a Referer header. Fragment part is removed as demanded by RFC 2616 14.36, and user information part is removed just like major browsers do.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 581
def request_referer request, uri, referer
  return unless referer
  return if 'https'.casecmp(referer.scheme) == 0 and
            'https'.casecmp(uri.scheme) != 0
  if referer.fragment || referer.user || referer.password
    referer = referer.dup
    referer.fragment = referer.user = referer.password = nil
  end
  request['Referer'] = referer
end
request_user_agent(request) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 592
def request_user_agent request
  request['User-Agent'] = @user_agent if @user_agent
end
resolve(uri, referer = current_page) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 596
def resolve(uri, referer = current_page)
  referer_uri = referer && referer.uri
  if uri.is_a?(URI)
    uri = uri.dup
  elsif uri.nil?
    if referer_uri
      return referer_uri
    end
    raise ArgumentError, "absolute URL needed (not nil)"
  else
    url = uri.to_s.strip
    if url.empty?
      if referer_uri
        return referer_uri.dup.tap { |u| u.fragment = nil }
      end
      raise ArgumentError, "absolute URL needed (not #{uri.inspect})"
    end

    url.gsub!(/[^#{0.chr}-#{126.chr}]/o) { |match|
      Mechanize::Util.uri_escape(match)
    }

    escaped_url = Mechanize::Util.html_unescape(
      url.split(/((?:%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+|#)/).each_slice(2).map { |x, y|
        "#{WEBrick::HTTPUtils.escape(x)}#{y}"
      }.join('')
    )

    begin
      uri = URI.parse(escaped_url)
    rescue
      uri = URI.parse(WEBrick::HTTPUtils.escape(escaped_url))
    end
  end

  uri.host = referer_uri.host if referer_uri && URI::HTTP === uri && uri.host.nil?

  scheme = uri.relative? ? 'relative' : uri.scheme.downcase
  uri = @scheme_handlers[scheme].call(uri, referer)

  if referer_uri
    if uri.path.length == 0 && uri.relative?
      uri.path = referer_uri.path
    end
  end

  uri.path = '/' if uri.path.length == 0

  if uri.relative?
    raise ArgumentError, "absolute URL needed (not #{uri})" unless
      referer_uri

    if referer.respond_to?(:bases) && referer.parser &&
        (lbase = referer.bases.last) && lbase.uri && lbase.uri.absolute?
      base = lbase
    else
      base = nil
    end

    base = referer_uri + (base ? base.uri : referer_uri)

    # Workaround for URI's bug in that it squashes consecutive
    # slashes.  See #304.
    if uri.path.match(%r{\A(.*?/)(?!/\.\.?(?!/))(/.*)\z}i)
      uri = URI((base + $1).to_s + $2)
    else
      uri = base + uri
    end

    # Strip initial "/.." bits from the path
    uri.path.sub!(/^(\/\.\.)+(?=\/)/, '')
  end

  unless ['http', 'https', 'file'].include?(uri.scheme.downcase)
    raise ArgumentError, "unsupported scheme: #{uri.scheme}"
  end

  uri
end
resolve_parameters(uri, method, parameters) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 676
def resolve_parameters uri, method, parameters
  case method
  when :head, :get, :delete, :trace then
    if parameters and parameters.length > 0
      uri.query ||= ''
      uri.query << '&' if uri.query.length > 0
      uri.query << Mechanize::Util.build_query_string(parameters)
    end

    return uri, nil
  end

  return uri, parameters
end
shutdown() click to toggle source

Closes all open connections for this agent.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 418
def shutdown
  http.shutdown
end

Response

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Public Instance Methods

get_meta_refresh(response, uri, page) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 693
def get_meta_refresh response, uri, page
  return nil unless @follow_meta_refresh

  if page.respond_to?(:meta_refresh) and
     (redirect = page.meta_refresh.first) then
    [redirect.delay, redirect.href] unless
      not @follow_meta_refresh_self and redirect.link_self
  elsif refresh = response['refresh']
    delay, href, link_self = Mechanize::Page::MetaRefresh.parse refresh, uri
    raise Mechanize::Error, 'Invalid refresh http header' unless delay
    [delay.to_f, href] unless
      not @follow_meta_refresh_self and link_self
  end
end
response_authenticate(response, page, uri, request, headers, params, referer) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 708
def response_authenticate(response, page, uri, request, headers, params,
                          referer)
  www_authenticate = response['www-authenticate']

  unless www_authenticate = response['www-authenticate'] then
    message = 'WWW-Authenticate header missing in response'
    raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, nil, message)
  end

  challenges = @authenticate_parser.parse www_authenticate

  unless @auth_store.credentials? uri, challenges then
    message = "no credentials found, provide some with #add_auth"
    raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, challenges, message)
  end

  if challenge = challenges.find { |c| c.scheme =~ /^Digest$/i } then
    realm = challenge.realm uri

    auth_scheme = if response['server'] =~ /Microsoft-IIS/ then
                    :iis_digest
                  else
                    :digest
                  end

    existing_realms = @authenticate_methods[realm.uri][auth_scheme]

    if existing_realms.include? realm
      message = 'Digest authentication failed'
      raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, challenges, message)
    end

    existing_realms << realm
    @digest_challenges[realm] = challenge
  elsif challenge = challenges.find { |c| c.scheme == 'NTLM' } then
    existing_realms = @authenticate_methods[uri + '/'][:ntlm]

    if existing_realms.include?(realm) and not challenge.params then
      message = 'NTLM authentication failed'
      raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, challenges, message)
    end

    existing_realms << realm

    if challenge.params then
      type_2 = Net::NTLM::Message.decode64 challenge.params

      user, password, domain = @auth_store.credentials_for uri, nil

      type_3 = type_2.response({ :user => user, :password => password,
                                 :domain => domain },
                               { :ntlmv2 => true }).encode64

      headers['Authorization'] = "NTLM #{type_3}"
    else
      type_1 = Net::NTLM::Message::Type1.new.encode64
      headers['Authorization'] = "NTLM #{type_1}"
    end
  elsif challenge = challenges.find { |c| c.scheme == 'Basic' } then
    realm = challenge.realm uri

    existing_realms = @authenticate_methods[realm.uri][:basic]

    if existing_realms.include? realm then
      message = 'Basic authentication failed'
      raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, challenges, message)
    end

    existing_realms << realm
  else
    message = 'unsupported authentication scheme'
    raise Mechanize::UnauthorizedError.new(page, challenges, message)
  end

  fetch uri, request.method.downcase.to_sym, headers, params, referer
end
response_content_encoding(response, body_io) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 785
def response_content_encoding response, body_io
  length = response.content_length ||
    case body_io
    when Tempfile, IO then
      body_io.stat.size
    else
      body_io.length
    end

  return body_io if length.zero?

  out_io = case response['Content-Encoding']
           when nil, 'none', '7bit', "" then
             body_io
           when 'deflate' then
             content_encoding_inflate body_io
           when 'gzip', 'x-gzip' then
             content_encoding_gunzip body_io
           else
             raise Mechanize::Error,
               "unsupported content-encoding: #{response['Content-Encoding']}"
           end

  out_io.flush
  out_io.rewind

  out_io
rescue Zlib::Error => e
  message = "error handling content-encoding #{response['Content-Encoding']}:"
  message << " #{e.message} (#{e.class})"
  raise Mechanize::Error, message
ensure
  begin
    if Tempfile === body_io and
       (StringIO === out_io or (out_io and out_io.path != body_io.path)) then
      body_io.close!
    end
  rescue IOError
    # HACK ruby 1.8 raises IOError when closing the stream
  end
end
response_cookies(response, uri, page) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 827
def response_cookies response, uri, page
  if Mechanize::Page === page and page.body =~ /Set-Cookie/n
    page.search('//head/meta[@http-equiv="Set-Cookie"]').each do |meta|
      save_cookies(uri, meta['content'])
    end
  end

  header_cookies = response.get_fields 'Set-Cookie'

  return unless header_cookies

  header_cookies.each do |set_cookie|
    save_cookies(uri, set_cookie)
  end
end
response_follow_meta_refresh(response, uri, page, redirects) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 855
def response_follow_meta_refresh response, uri, page, redirects
  delay, new_url = get_meta_refresh(response, uri, page)
  return nil unless delay
  new_url = new_url ? resolve(new_url, page) : uri

  raise Mechanize::RedirectLimitReachedError.new(page, redirects) if
    redirects + 1 > @redirection_limit

  sleep delay
  @history.push(page, page.uri)
  fetch new_url, :get, {}, [],
        Mechanize::Page.new, redirects + 1
end
response_log(response) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 869
def response_log response
  return unless log

  log.info("status: #{response.class} #{response.http_version} "               "#{response.code} #{response.message}")

  response.each_header do |k, v|
    log.debug("response-header: #{k} => #{v}")
  end
end
response_parse(response, body_io, uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 880
def response_parse response, body_io, uri
  @context.parse uri, response, body_io
end
response_read(response, request, uri) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 884
def response_read response, request, uri
  content_length = response.content_length

  if use_tempfile? content_length then
    body_io = make_tempfile 'mechanize-raw'
  else
    body_io = StringIO.new.set_encoding(Encoding::BINARY)
  end

  total = 0

  begin
    response.read_body { |part|
      total += part.length

      if StringIO === body_io and use_tempfile? total then
        new_io = make_tempfile 'mechanize-raw'

        new_io.write body_io.string

        body_io = new_io
      end

      body_io.write(part)
      log.debug("Read #{part.length} bytes (#{total} total)") if log
    }
  rescue EOFError => e
    # terminating CRLF might be missing, let the user check the document
    raise unless response.chunked? and total.nonzero?

    body_io.rewind
    raise Mechanize::ChunkedTerminationError.new(e, response, body_io, uri,
                                                 @context)
  rescue Net::HTTP::Persistent::Error, Errno::ECONNRESET => e
    body_io.rewind
    raise Mechanize::ResponseReadError.new(e, response, body_io, uri,
                                           @context)
  end

  body_io.flush
  body_io.rewind

  raise Mechanize::ResponseCodeError.new(response, uri) if
    Net::HTTPUnknownResponse === response

  content_length = response.content_length

  unless Net::HTTP::Head === request or Net::HTTPRedirection === response then
    if content_length and content_length != body_io.length
      err = EOFError.new("Content-Length (#{content_length}) does not "                        "match response body length (#{body_io.length})")
      raise Mechanize::ResponseReadError.new(err, response, body_io, uri,
                                              @context)
    end
  end

  body_io
end
response_redirect(response, method, page, redirects, headers, referer = current_page) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 943
def response_redirect(response, method, page, redirects, headers,
                      referer = current_page)
  case @redirect_ok
  when true, :all
    # shortcut
  when false, nil
    return page
  when :permanent
    return page unless Net::HTTPMovedPermanently === response
  end

  log.info("follow redirect to: #{response['Location']}") if log

  raise Mechanize::RedirectLimitReachedError.new(page, redirects) if
    redirects + 1 > @redirection_limit

  redirect_method = method == :head ? :head : :get

  # Make sure we are not copying over the POST headers from the original request
  ['Content-Length', 'Content-MD5', 'Content-Type'].each do |key|
    headers.delete key
  end

  @history.push(page, page.uri)
  new_uri = resolve response['Location'].to_s, page

  fetch new_uri, redirect_method, headers, [], referer, redirects + 1
end
save_cookies(uri, set_cookie) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 843
def save_cookies(uri, set_cookie)
  return [] if set_cookie.nil?
  if log = log()       # reduce method calls
    @cookie_jar.parse(set_cookie, uri, :logger => log) { |c|
      log.debug("saved cookie: #{c}")
      true
    }
  else
    @cookie_jar.parse(set_cookie, uri)
  end
end

Robots

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Attributes

robots[R]

When true, this agent will consult the site's robots.txt for each access.

Public Instance Methods

robots=(value) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 981
def robots= value
  require 'webrobots' if value
  @webrobots = nil if value != @robots
  @robots = value
end
robots_allowed?(uri) click to toggle source

Tests if this agent is allowed to access url, consulting the site's robots.txt.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 991
def robots_allowed? uri
  return true if uri.request_uri == '/robots.txt'

  webrobots.allowed? uri
end
robots_disallowed?(url) click to toggle source

Opposite of robots_allowed?

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 999
def robots_disallowed? url
  !robots_allowed? url
end
robots_error(url) click to toggle source

Returns an error object if there is an error in fetching or parsing robots.txt of the site url.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1005
def robots_error(url)
  webrobots.error(url)
end
robots_error!(url) click to toggle source

Raises the error if there is an error in fetching or parsing robots.txt of the site url.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1011
def robots_error!(url)
  webrobots.error!(url)
end
robots_reset(url) click to toggle source

Removes robots.txt cache for the site url.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1016
def robots_reset(url)
  webrobots.reset(url)
end
webrobots() click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1020
def webrobots
  @webrobots ||= WebRobots.new(@user_agent, :http_get => method(:get_robots))
end

SSL

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Attributes

pass[RW]

OpenSSL key password

Public Instance Methods

ca_file() click to toggle source

Path to an OpenSSL CA certificate file

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1027
def ca_file
  @http.ca_file
end
ca_file=(ca_file) click to toggle source

Sets the path to an OpenSSL CA certificate file

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1032
def ca_file= ca_file
  @http.ca_file = ca_file
end
cert_store() click to toggle source

The SSL certificate store used for validating connections

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1037
def cert_store
  @http.cert_store
end
cert_store=(cert_store) click to toggle source

Sets the SSL certificate store used for validating connections

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1042
def cert_store= cert_store
  @http.cert_store = cert_store
end
certificate() click to toggle source

The client X509 certificate

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1047
def certificate
  @http.certificate
end
certificate=(certificate) click to toggle source

Sets the client certificate to given X509 certificate. If a path is given the certificate will be loaded and set.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1053
def certificate= certificate
  certificate = if OpenSSL::X509::Certificate === certificate then
                  certificate
                else
                  OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new File.read certificate
                end

  @http.certificate = certificate
end
private_key() click to toggle source

An OpenSSL private key or the path to a private key

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1064
def private_key
  @http.private_key
end
private_key=(private_key) click to toggle source

Sets the client's private key

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1069
def private_key= private_key
  private_key = if OpenSSL::PKey::PKey === private_key then
                  private_key
                else
                  OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new File.read(private_key), @pass
                end

  @http.private_key = private_key
end
ssl_version() click to toggle source

SSL version to use

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1080
def ssl_version
  @http.ssl_version
end
ssl_version=(ssl_version) click to toggle source

Sets the SSL version to use

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1085
def ssl_version= ssl_version
  @http.ssl_version = ssl_version
end
verify_callback() click to toggle source

A callback for additional certificate verification. See OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#verify_callback

The callback can be used for debugging or to ignore errors by always returning true. Specifying nil uses the default method that was valid when the SSLContext was created

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1095
def verify_callback
  @http.verify_callback
end
verify_callback=(verify_callback) click to toggle source

Sets the certificate verify callback

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1100
def verify_callback= verify_callback
  @http.verify_callback = verify_callback
end
verify_mode() click to toggle source

How to verify SSL connections. Defaults to VERIFY_PEER

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1105
def verify_mode
  @http.verify_mode
end
verify_mode=(verify_mode) click to toggle source

Sets the mode for verifying SSL connections

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1110
def verify_mode= verify_mode
  @http.verify_mode = verify_mode
end

Timeouts

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Attributes

keep_alive[RW]

Set to false to disable HTTP/1.1 keep-alive requests

open_timeout[RW]

Length of time to wait until a connection is opened in seconds

read_timeout[RW]

Length of time to attempt to read data from the server

Public Instance Methods

idle_timeout() click to toggle source

Reset connections that have not been used in this many seconds

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1117
def idle_timeout
  @http.idle_timeout
end
idle_timeout=(timeout) click to toggle source

Sets the connection idle timeout for persistent connections

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1122
def idle_timeout= timeout
  @http.idle_timeout = timeout
end

Utility

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Attributes

context[RW]

The context parses responses into pages

ignore_bad_chunking[RW]

When set to true mechanize will ignore an EOF during chunked transfer encoding so long as at least one byte was received. Be careful when enabling this as it may cause data loss.

scheme_handlers[RW]

Handlers for various URI schemes

Public Instance Methods

auto_io(name, read_size, input_io) { |chunk| ... } click to toggle source

Creates a new output IO by reading input_io in read_size chunks. If the output is over the #max_file_buffer size a Tempfile with name is created.

If a block is provided, each chunk of input_io is yielded for further processing.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1136
def auto_io name, read_size, input_io
  out_io = StringIO.new.set_encoding(Encoding::BINARY)

  until input_io.eof? do
    if StringIO === out_io and use_tempfile? out_io.size then
      new_io = make_tempfile name
      new_io.write out_io.string
      out_io = new_io
    end

    chunk = input_io.read read_size
    chunk = yield chunk if block_given?

    out_io.write chunk
  end

  out_io.rewind

  out_io
end
inflate(compressed, window_bits = nil) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1157
def inflate compressed, window_bits = nil
  inflate = Zlib::Inflate.new window_bits

  out_io = auto_io 'mechanize-inflate', 1024, compressed do |chunk|
    inflate.inflate chunk
  end

  inflate.finish

  out_io
ensure
  inflate.close if inflate.finished?
end
log() click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1171
def log
  @context.log
end
make_tempfile(name) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1207
def make_tempfile name
  io = Tempfile.new name
  io.unlink
  io.binmode
  io
end
reset() click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1221
def reset
  @cookie_jar.clear
  @history.clear
end
set_proxy(addr, port, user = nil, pass = nil) click to toggle source

Sets the proxy address, port, user, and password addr should be a host, with no “http://”, port may be a port number, service name or port number string.

# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1180
def set_proxy addr, port, user = nil, pass = nil
  unless addr and port then
    @http.proxy = nil

    return
  end

  unless Integer === port then
    begin
      port = Socket.getservbyname port
    rescue SocketError
      begin
        port = Integer port
      rescue ArgumentError
        raise ArgumentError, "invalid value for port: #{port.inspect}"
      end
    end
  end

  proxy_uri = URI "http://#{addr}"
  proxy_uri.port = port
  proxy_uri.user     = user if user
  proxy_uri.password = pass if pass

  @http.proxy = proxy_uri
end
use_tempfile?(size) click to toggle source
# File lib/mechanize/http/agent.rb, line 1214
def use_tempfile? size
  return false unless @max_file_buffer
  return false unless size

  size >= @max_file_buffer
end